Burrell: 'I really wanted to continue playing'
Important note: This piece includes details of racially offensive language and conduct
Ex-England player Luther Burrell claims that going public to reveal racism in rugby union brought his professional journey to an early end.
In a June 2022, Burrell described racism as being "rife" in the sport, displaying digital communications and recalling training ground "comments" he had been subject to while representing Newcastle.
Then 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been a handful of games with guest team the Barbarians.
"I have absolutely had to end my career because of what went on," he explained to reporters.
"I wanted to carry on playing, naturally I did. I pursued that, and it fell through when news emerged that there were investigations going on.
"This situation was challenging - I had to just accept the outcome and accept that this whole process is a lot bigger than me."
A sports organization report in 2023 found Burrell's allegations were true "on the balance of probability", but stated it could not collect enough evidence to definitively say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's Six Nations games in 2014-15, but was surprisingly excluded for their team for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell revealed to media he also faced prejudice within the England team environment, during a Test career that saw him win 15 caps after his debut in 2014.
"I've had multiple distressing experiences within the national team," he stated.
"Some discrimination and some just old-school mentality that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become accepted in team environments, in Burrell's view.
"It's something that has been dressed up as banter and that's been the issue that I've personally experienced and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"Over a period of time you just begin to think that it's the norm and that is acceptable and that it's not malicious, but that's incorrect."
Burrell explains he was finally motivated to speak out after a team-mate at Newcastle referred to him as a "slave" and instructed him to put sun cream on his arms and legs "where your shackles were."
The governing body said Burrell's disclosures had led to "a deeper look at the environment within the professional level and to the implementation of an action plan for the elite level."
"We has given significant attention on diversity and inclusion in the sport and a great deal of work undertaken both before and after Luther Burrell spoke publicly and revealed his encounters of racism and class discrimination," it continued.
"We are continuing work with clubs and stakeholders in the professional game to strive for a environment of inclusivity but acknowledge this requires patience and is an ongoing process."
All Prem and PWR club now has face-to-face education on creating welcoming cultures, with its effectiveness monitored via specific documentation and surveys.
All England athletes, including youth squads, are educated in being "active bystanders" to intervene and protect others from harmful conduct.
"You should be so proud of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the documentary about his experiences.
"I know it has had this effect on you and finished your playing days, but in our eyes, you have done so well. We are so proud of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's father Geoff died soon after the production of the documentary, and his sibling passed away recently.
Burrell, who grew up on a council estate in his hometown, maintains his work to make the game more open.
His 12 Foundation works to connect with children in disadvantaged communities and help them succeed both on the field with complimentary sports training, guidance and nutrition education.
"My personal motivations are genuine, I want to see the evolution of the game and if others is willing to share their story then I'll persist to fight that cause because I'm not just doing this for myself," he said.
"We have an obligation to make the sport as great as it can be and the more I talk about it perhaps the more confident fellow players will feel about sharing their own experiences as well.
"I need to take the bull by the opportunity and continue bearing this flag and keep supporting this weight and accomplish what I can to create possibilities and make the game more attractive and more welcoming.
"There's a lot of underprivileged children and a lot of poverty and I sincerely think that the sport has the ability to transform their lives, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a return to former club Northampton in November 2022